The Curious History of the Translation of the Hebrew Word תַּנִּים tannîm: Dragons, Jackals, or Crocodiles?

The translation history of תַּנִּים tannîm is reviewed, including the Greek LXX, the Latin Vulgate, and the Aramaic targums. The animal described by the Latin word draco changed in the early mediaeval era from a crocodile into a flying reptile. The use of jackal to translate תַּנִּים tannîm is trace...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Johnson, Martin (Author) ; Jenson, Philip Peter (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
Check availability: HBZ Gateway
Interlibrary Loan:Interlibrary Loan for the Fachinformationsdienste (Specialized Information Services in Germany)
Published: 2025
In: The Bible translator
Year: 2025, Volume: 76, Issue: 3, Pages: 332-362
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Old Testament / Translation / Crocodile / Jackal (motif) / Dragon
Further subjects:B tannîm
B crocodiles
B Climate Change
B jackals
B Edward Pococke
B Dragons
Online Access: Volltext (lizenzpflichtig)
Description
Summary:The translation history of תַּנִּים tannîm is reviewed, including the Greek LXX, the Latin Vulgate, and the Aramaic targums. The animal described by the Latin word draco changed in the early mediaeval era from a crocodile into a flying reptile. The use of jackal to translate תַּנִּים tannîm is traced to Edward Pococke. It is argued that jackals are already described by the word שׁוּעָלִים šûʿālîm. A range of possible animals with which to identify תַּנִּים tannîm is considered and it is concluded that the word תַּנִּים tannîm is used mainly to describe crocodiles.
ISSN:2051-6789
Contains:Enthalten in: The Bible translator
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1177/20516770251387653